| 1987 – 1992 |
Minister for Trade and Industry |
| 1987 – 1990 |
Second Minister for Defence |
| 1984 – 1987 |
Minister of State for Ministry of Trade and Industry & Ministry of Defence |
| 2004 – |
Secretary-General, People’s Action Party |
| 1992 – 2004 |
First Assistant Secretary-General, People’s Action Party |
| 1989 – 1992 |
Second Assistant Secretary-General, People’s Action Party |
| 1986 – 1989 |
Member, Central Executive Committee of the People’s Action Party |
| 1984 – |
Member of Parliament (First elected in 1984, and re-elected in 1988, 1991, 1997, 2001 and 2006) |
| 1982 – 1984 |
Chief of Staff of the General Staff |
| 1983 – 1984 |
Director of the Joint Operations and Plans Directorate |
| 1978 – 1979 |
Attended the US Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, USA |
| 1971 - |
Completed Officer Cadet Course at SAFTI and commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant in the SAF |
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| Academic |
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| 1979 – 1980 |
Mason Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; graduated with a Master’s Degree in Public Administration |
| 1974 |
University of Cambridge, UK; graduated as a Wrangler in the Mathematics Tripos (equivalent to First Class Honours) and with a Diploma in Computer Science (with Distinction) |
| 1971 |
Awarded the SAF Scholarship |
| 1970 |
Awarded the President’s Scholarship |
| 1970 |
National Junior College |
| 1964 – 1969 |
Catholic High School |
| 1958 – 1963 |
Nanyang Girls’ High School (Co-Ed Primary Section) |